What Types of mastectomy?
The surgery to treat breast cancer, many are made of. Among them;Simple mastectomy or Wholesale:
Taken together with the operation of the breast skin and nipple.Extracted when the lymph glands in this operation. In some cases, another operation, the first lymph node biopsy (sentinel node biopsy), one by one to three axillary lymph nodes are removed.Modified Radical Mastectomy:
All of the breast, nipple and color of the region around the nipple (areola) and generally is the process of taking the underarm lymph nodes.Radical Mastectomy:
All of the breast, nipple and color of the region around the nipple (areola), chest muscles (pectoral muscles, large and small), and the process of taking the underarm lymph nodes. This procedure is rarely performed today.Quandrantectomi:
One-quarter of the breast, skin and connective tissue is the process of taking in a place. The surgeon is a part or all axillary lymph glands may be operative for a second (or first part of axillary lymph node biopsy of the lymph glands).Partial or regional mastectomy:
Breast tissue is a part of the tumor and some healthy tissue to cover the process of removal. But this operation is less than quandrantectomiden lampektomi more tissue is taken from.Lampektomi:
Healthy tissue surrounding the tumor and the tumor to be a part of the process.Excisional biopsy:
To remove the tumor and surrounding healthy breast tissue. If the tumor is completely çıkarılabilirse with the operation of the biopsy, and sometimes a second operation may not be necessary. This usually happens is very small tumor.
In the past, radical mastectomy for women with breast cancer underwent mastectomy seçeneğiydi the most common. But experts in the modified radical mastectomy is often found as effective as radical mastectomy, modified radical mastectomy, so today should be taken of all cases, the chest has become the preferred method.
Six Seat Taken Lymph Glands.
Underarm lymph nodes to be invasive cancer surgery (invasive) are identified as patients. Radical mastectomy, modified radical mastectomy or lampektomi women undergoing axillary lymph nodes are usually, and this process needs to be done to cut lampektomi undergoing a second operation in women.Postoperatively, axillary lymph nodes examined under the microscope that it tries to determine the cancer goes out of a chest, it is very important in determining post-operative treatment options.
Underarm lymph nodes to be the most common side effect of the operation which means swelling of chronic lymphedema of the arm. Underarm lymph nodes in patients receiving radiation therapy after taking the possibility of occurrence of this condition is approximately 10% to 20%. In order to avoid and prevent disorders of the Lymphedema can last a long, arms, swelling and congestion of patients are required to notify their physician immediately. Underarm lymph nodes to be other possible side effects of the operation between the arm and shoulder, temporarily or permanently move the arm at the top of the challenges and have the tingling sensation occurs.
In summary, the side effects of axillary lymph nodes of the operation to be;Lymphedema (chronic swelling of the arm, a formation of edema-like)
Arm and shoulder movements, stresses
Tingling sensation in the arm at the top of
The first biopsy of lymph glands.
The first lymph node biopsy (sentinel lymph node biopsy), a new process and breasts pour down from the lymph fluid to be done with the first or the first few lymph gland. In order to perform this operation, a radioactive substance into the area of the tumor is usually blue or a coloring agent is injected. Paint or radioactive material flow and reaches the lymph nodes are determined, for this process to determine the dye or radioactive substance used as a visual measurement of radioactivity in the lymph glands are conducted. It passed the lymphatic system, lymph nodes, if the cancer, the cancer is considered to be the first to reach the lymph glands.
The lymph nodes removed and cancer cells is determined whether the bear. If the lymph nodes raslanmassa cancer, the operation will be terminated without the need for the reception of the remaining lymph glands. If this is cancer of the lymph glands raslanırsa, operation will continue to be the underarm lymph nodes. The advantage of the first lymph node biopsy, axillary lymph nodes if the lymph glands cancer if taken in front of adverse events such as geçilebilinir for Lymphedema. The first lymph node biopsy method could be used as a standard operating reliability, and in these cases is continuing its investigations.
Choosing the mastectomy as a treatment method.
Breast cancer is a common abnormality is usually determined before the mammogram. Your breast cancers of women in the audience raslayan immediately enroll in a mammogram is recommended. The help of imaging methods in addition to a mammogram abnormality occurs can apply. And ultimately placed with the help of biopsy diagnosis of breast cancer.
After the biopsy, breast cancer treatment in order to determine some parameters are determined, among others;The size of the tumor
Tumor type
Cancer stage
Histologic grade
Lymph nodes status
Estrogen and progesterone sensors
Her/2-neu sensors
The only options and clearly for some mastectomy patients, breast-conserving surgery with mastectomy in some patients in need to choose between so-called lampektomi. In most cases, mastectomy in comparison with the lampektomi is little difference between the survival rates, but both the method has its advantages and disadvantages. Lampektomi chest while maintaining the original shape, and then usually lasts six to seven weeks of radiation therapy needs to be done. On the other hand, mastectomy reduces the risk of breast cancer locally, renovation, reconstruction of the chest is usually (reconstruction) raises issues related to surgery. The final decision on this issue without thinking and concerns of patients and doctors recommended that a detailed discussion and reach a joint decision.
Mastectomy and chest to be done again.
Most of the time, breast reconstruction after mastectomy surgery (reconstruction) can be applied. Modified radical mastectomy operation in the vast majority of women undergoing the same operation can be rekonstrüktsüyon. Among the advantages of this way of operation of the rekonstrüktsüyon;Patients were being lost breasts ayılmazlar shock.
A second operation to be done for Rekonstrüktsüyon kaçınılabilinilir.
Among the disadvantages of the operation of the rekonstrüktsüyon Mastektomiyle;
Laid diagnosis of breast cancer in the recent past brought loads are taken into consideration the emotional, needs to be done after surgery for cancer treatment and emotional burden for patients can be severe rekonstrüktsüyon operation.
In some cases, the complications that may occur after the operation to be done rekonstüksüyon such as radiotherapy or chemotherapy for cancer treatment may complicate the implementation of yönbtemlerinin.Insertion into the prosthesis or breast reconstruction surgery is usually done by folding the muscle.
Additionally, women who do not want to get surgery and post operative surgical wounds healing chest and then attached to the outside can use prostheses. Most of this type of prosthesis, in terms of his natural weight, and touched his chest was similar. The correct weight is important for maintaining the balance of the body's use of the prosthesis. GREECE In the meantime, there are specially designed for women who had a mastectomy.
Preoperative.
The vast majority of women undergoing mastectomy surgery, met with doctors in a certain period of time before the operation and discuss the risks. Before the surgery, about the risks of surgery and the surgery uyarıldığınıza be asked to sign some documents that you want to be, you should read these documents carefully.May need blood during surgery, a period of time before the surgery to give your blood you can suggest your own.
Before surgery, your doctor should discuss the medications you are taking, they return to normal after surgery or during surgery can cause unwanted effects. Patients are usually up to eight hours before the operation to get food or liquid food must have broken, your doctor should take advice on this issue.
Mastectomy operation.
Mastectomy operation, general anesthesia is applied and the patient's heart rate is used to monitor the ECG instrument. In addition, blood pressure (hypertension), and other vital signs are kept under surveillance throughout the operation.
Simple mastectomy operation, the doctor makes an incision in the chest circumference as close as possible throughout the tumor area, a large portion of the skin of the chest does not hurt. Simple mastectomy operation, scratching the milk ducts nipple milk, although usually not the nipple. Gently under the skin tissue is cut, released and removed. The operation for removal of the plastic tubes attached to the region where the fluid can accumulate.
Turned off and instead of carefully placed stitches or skin clips, which are usually removed after the operation up to a week.Stitches or clips are generally higher bandage off. Underarm lymph nodes to be tumbled in a typical simple mastectomy, including surgery usually lasts 2 to 3 hours. Reconstruction operation in the same situations that naturally a bit more extended period of time.
Plastic tubes placed in the chest or under the seat, during the healing process in surgery is used to expel the collected blood and lymph fluid. These tubes are usually within two weeks, or daily minimum was down from 30 cm3 of liquid flow is removed.
Among the possible side effects of mastectomy;Surgical wound infection grab
Accumulation of blood in surgery (hematoma)
Operation in the accumulation of lymph fluid (seroma)
Lymphedema, temporary or permanent restrictions on the shoulder to move on the upper arm (if it is bought from the lymph glands)
The upper part of the arm karıncalaşmalar
Ghost of chest pain
Post-operative.
Post-mastectomy hospital stay is usually two to three days, but some patients stay in hospital for eight days. Modified radical mastectomy operation, the patients had an average duration of stay in hospital for three days. In addition to mastectomy breast reconstruction surgery underwent the same operation, depending on the speed of healing the wounds of patients in hospital stay between three to six days.
Pain, pain caused by mastectomy usually ends in two or three days, they do not feel no pain, but the vast majority of women undergoing mastectomy. Some patients in the linear (a line) may be expected in a mastectomy scar. The vast majority of patients undergoing mastectomy çekiliyormuş out of tissues, such as the armpits as if caught in a stock.
Patients are recommended to take the information in the following before leaving the hospital;Methods of wound care and dressing
Be expected in the operation and pain sensations
The use of painkillers
Take out the accumulated fluids in the tubes used in the operation and maintenance of control
Possible early signs of an infection
The proposed activities are not made
Possible changes in emotional
Implementation of the diet should
Handles for running exercises when başlanabileceği
When you use the başlanabileceği bra
If the prosthesis is used, when to use prosthetic başlanabileceği
Doctors usually recommend mastectomy 14 days after the appointment of a check. During this check, you probably can find out details of the pathology report. Patients with this problem should contact with doctors waiting for the 14 day waiting period.There are cases where radiation therapy after mastectomy should be done.
Virtual Chest Pain.
Studies have shown that women undergoing mastectomy breast ağrısı''ndan affected part of the virtual. Mastectomy with chest reconstruction surgery done on the status of situations, there is virtually no difference in terms of occurrence of chest pain. Virtual chest pain symptoms;Unpleasant itching sensation
As if sinking to feel like needles
As if there was pressure to feel like
Pain, pain or burning sensation
Doctors, arms or legs with virtual chest pain in patients with surgically cut in terms of similarities believe that the causes of pain. The small nerves in the skin tissue is cut with these operations and the evaluation of these signals in the brain in charge of this region to re-determine the duties of the cells leads.During this process, the cells re-adjust themselves to changes in their area and cut the remaining nerves are still sporadically active to pass once in a while to feel this feeling leads to chest pain in and virtual. The vast majority of women with chest pain prior to mastectomy, this surgery, then feel pain.
Virtual to control chest pain at an early stage, post-mastectomy patients who are breast virtual sensations that doctors should report the situation immediately. In some cases you may be useful in reducing discomfort exercises and massages in the chest, they should consult a doctor before. In extreme cases, can be given drugs to prevent virtual chest pain. Virtual have chest pain, or back to the future of cancer still does not mean that.
Taken After Mastectomy and Lymph Glands exercises.
Doctors to patients, could start to do exercises after mastectomy and mastectomy when the hand lever to use when re-start could discuss literally. Following the completion of the healing period after mastectomy, although there is a limit to the exercises can be done, all patients undergoing mastectomy with axillary lymph glands, especially the patients who should receive mastektomiyle are some of the measures.
Mastectomy is applied on the skin injuries risk of infection is higher compared to the other party. This is because the lymph glands, lymph circulation during the zorlaştırabilecek be manifest in changes in risk, lymph circulation than before the operation to be inefficient against organisms such as bacteria may come from outside the body leaves the body more resistant. Lymph fluid collects in tissue collected from the lymph system and lymph glands, located on the collection vessels to the body of harmful substances that may work as a filter to extract.
Women undergoing mastectomy and axillary lymph nodes to be connected to the formation of edema in the arms of approximately 20sinde% are small-scale skin trauma.
Underarm lymph nodes taken at all or more than 30 cases, axillary vein thrombosis (axillary vein thrombosis, blood clot in the axillary vessels) may occur. This is because most of the time very close to blood vessels and lymphatic channels during surgery because of damage to the top of this. Blood circulation gets tough, the arm is more likely in later stages can cause injury.
For these reasons, a large part of doctors to quit, and a rest period between exercises from time to time recommend to keep a few hours of arm above heart level. Mastectomy patients who have had an intensive exercise to minimize the risk of injury is suggested not do.
If you need to add a note a positive, regular use of muscles and joint areas of the provision of flexibility of operation wound, the formation of new lymphatic channels, re-acquisition of the blood circulation and reducing the risk of blood clots. Carefully when there are exercises, the exercises will bring these benefits are much higher than the possible damage.
Renewal of breast cancer.
Cancer after mastectomy or other cancer treatments, sometimes after the refresh. There are three types of cancer renewal, local, regional and remote. Local renewal, cancer has been diagnosed with the cancer cells in the region and re-grow over time. Regional renewal, the local renewal is more serious. In this case, cancer cells often spread beyond the axillary lymph glands. Cancer remote replacement, renewals and metastasis is also known as one of the most dangerous. This type of renewal, the body's bone cancer, lung, liver or spread to distant regions, such as.
In case of renewal of cancer treatment, cancer type and severity depending on the renovation is done. Cancer renewed if additional surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or hormone therapy can be applied.
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